Psychological impact of visible differences in patients with congenital craniofacial anomalies

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 6 Effect of locality (rural/urban) on PIDAQ and DAS59 scores in controls

Domain	Rural/urban	Mean	Standard deviation	Standard error mean	Significance
General self-consciousness	Rural	21.46	2.584	0.414	0.351
General self-consciousness	Urban	22.08	3.58	0.451	0.351
Social self-consciousness	Rural	22.92	2.559	0.41	0.695
Social self-consciousness	Urban	22.73	2.315	0.292	0.695
Sexual and bodily self-consciousness	Rural	8.33	2.144	0.343	0.094
Sexual and bodily self-consciousness	Urban	9.05	2.027	0.255	0.094
Negative self-concept	Rural	16.62*	1.206	0.193	0.044
Negative self-concept	Urban	17.1*	1.118	0.141	0.044
Facial self-consciousness	Rural	4.49	0.823	0.132	0.208
Facial self-consciousness	Urban	4.76	1.187	0.15	0.208
Physical	Rural	2.69	0.977	0.157	0.719
Physical	Urban	2.62	1.007	0.127	0.719
Total DAS	Rural	76.51	6.476	1.037	0.176
Total DAS	Urban	78.33	6.594	0.831	0.176
Dental self-confidence	Rural	11.31	3.262	0.522	0.588
Dental self-confidence	Urban	10.98	2.697	0.34	0.588
Social impact	Rural	5.82	1.819	0.291	0.201
Social impact	Urban	6.27	1.648	0.208	0.201
Psychological impact	Rural	5.44	1.917	0.307	0.093
Psychological impact	Urban	4.78	1.896	0.239	0.093
Aesthetic concern	Rural	5.72*	1.701	0.272	0.033
Aesthetic concern	Urban	5.02*	1.529	0.193	0.033
Dental self-consciousness	Rural	6.69	1.838	0.294	0.858
Dental self-consciousness	Urban	6.62	2.098	0.264	0.858
Total PIDAQ score	Rural	28.28	6.017	0.964	0.288
Total PIDAQ score	Urban	27.05	5.446	0.686	0.288

* correlation is significant at the 0.05 level.** correlation is significant at the 0.01 level.***correlation is significant at the 0.001 level.