Skip to main content

Table 1 Results: trial design, treatment modalities, characteristics of the samples

From: Systematic review for orthodontic and orthopedic treatments for anterior open bite in the mixed dentition

Selected references

Year of publication

Study design

Treatment modalities

Sample size

Age (years)

Sex

Albogha H et al. [24]

RMI vs. MBB

15 (RMI)

8.1–13.5 (RMI)

4M, 11F (RMI)

  2015

15 (MBB)

8.5–13.5 (MBB)

6M, 9F (MBB)

  P, L, CT

Mucedero M et al. [35]

Q-H/C vs. UCG

28 (Q-H/C)

8.2 ± 1.3 (Q-H/C)

11M, 7F (Q-H/C)

  2013

20 (UCG)

8.1 ± 0.4 (UCG)

10M, 10F (UCG)

  R, L, CCT

Torres FC et al. [33]

RPC + VCC vs. FPC + VCC

30 (RPC + VCC)

8.33 ± 0.73 (RPC + VCC)

8M, 22F (RPC + VCC)

  2012

30 (FPC + VCC)

8.54 ± 0.88 (FPC + VCC)

11M, 19F (FPC + VCC)

  P, L, CT

Cassis MA et al. [34]

BS + VCC vs. UCG

30 (BS + VCC)

8.14 ± 0.73 (BS + VCC)

9M, 21F (BS + VCC)

  2012

30 (UCG)

8.36 ± 1.05 (UCG)

30.5M, 25F (UCG)

  P, L, CCT

Doshi UH et al. [23]

SLBB vs. MBB

10 (SLBB)

8–13(SLBB)

5M, 5F (SLBB)

  2010

10 (MBB)

8–13 (MBB)

3M, 7F (MBB)

  P, L, RCT

10 (UCG)

8–13 (UCG)

Giuntini V et al. [32]

Q-H/C vs. RPC

20 (Q-H/C)

8.4 ± 1.4 (Q-H/C)

5M, 15F (Q-H/C)

  2008

20 (RPC)

8.4 ± 1 (RPC)

9M, 11F (RPC)

  R, L, CT

Cinsar A et al. [22]

RMI vs. UCG

10 (RMI)

M 11 ± 0.4;

3M, 7F (RMI)

  (subgroups)

10 (UCG)

F 10.3 ± 0.2

3M, 7F (UCG)

  2007

(RMI)

  R, L, CCT

 

M 11 ± 1;

F 10.8 ± 0.9 (UCG)

Defraia E et al. [41]

OBB vs. uCG

20 (OBB)

8.2 ± 0.8 (OBB)

11M, 9F (OBB)

  2007

 

23 (UCG)

10.8 ± 1.5 (UCG)

23 (UCG)

  R, L, CCT

Cozza P et al. [30]

Q-H/C vs. UCG

21 (Q-H/C)

8.4 ± 1.5 (Q-H/C)

6M, 15F (Q-H/C)

  2007

21 (UCG)

8.6 ± 11M (UCG)

10M, 11F (UCG)

  R, L, CCT

Cozza P et al. [31]

Q-H/C vs. OBB

21 (Q-H/C)

8.4 ± 1.4 (Q-H/C)

6M, 15F (Q-H/C)

  2007

 

20 (OBB)

  

  R, L, CT

Pedrin F et al. [27]

RPC + VCC vs. UCG

30(RPC + VCC)

8.61 (RPC + VCC)

10M, 20F (RPC + VCC)

  2006

30 (UCG)

8.33 (UCG)

7M, 23F (UCG)

  P, L, CCT

Torres F et al. [28]

RPC + VCC vs. UCG

30(RPC + VCC)

8.33 (RPC + VCC)

8M, 22F (RPC + VCC)

  2006

30 (UCG)

8.61 (UCG)

7M, 23F (UCG)

  P, L, RCT

Cozza P et al. [29]

Q-H/C vs. UCG

23 (Q-H/C)

8.4 ± 1.4 (Q-H/C)

7M, 16F (Q-H/C)

  2006

23 (UCG)

9.1 ± 1.6 (UCG)

10M, 13F (UCG)

  R, L, CCT

Iscan HN et al. [16]

VCC vs. UCG

18 (VCC)

8.08–11.11 (VCC)

6M, 12F (VCC)

  2002

17 (UCG)

8.40–12.26 (UCG)

6M, 11F (UCG)

  P, L, CCT

Bazzucchi A et al. [21]

MBB vs. UCG

29 (MBB)

11.08 ± 3.08 (MBB)

6M, 23F (MBB)

  1999

29 (UCG)

11 ± 3.08 (UCG)

6M, 23F (UCG)

  R, L, CCT

Iscan HN and Sarisoy L [20]

PBB5 vs. PBB10 vs. UCG

13 (PBB5)

8.9–13.5 (PBB5)

4M, 9F (PBB5)

  1997

12 (PBB10)

8.7–14.5 (PBB10)

3M, 9F (PBB10)

  P, L, CCT

14 (UCG)

8.9–13.6 (UCG)

3M, 11F (UCG)

Erbay E et al. [40]

FR + LSE vs. UCG

20 (FR + LSE)

8.7 ± 0.5 (OBB)

7M, 13F (FR + LSE)

  1995

20 (UCG)

8.9 ± 1.2 (UCG)

7M, 13F (UCG)

  P, L, RCT

Iscan HN et al. [19]

SLBB vs. PBB + VCC

11 (SLBB)

8.62–13.54 (SLBB)

Not declared

  1992

12 (PBB + VCC)

7.39–11.67 (PBB + VCC)

  R, L, CT

Weinbach JR and Smith RJ. [39]

OBB vs. UCG

26 (OBB)

7.08–12.88

27M, 12F

  1992

13 (OBB + HPH)

  R, L, CCT

Published normal growth standards

Kuster R and Ingervall B [18]

SLBB vs. MBB

22 (SLBB)

7.4–11.56(SLBB)

11M, 11F (SLBB)

  1992

11 (MBB)

9.72–14.4 (MBB)

4M, 7F (MBB)

  R, L, CT

Ngan P et al. [38]

A-HPH vs. UCG

8 (A-HPH)

10.24(A-HPH)

2M, 6F

  1992

8 (UCG)

10.24 (UCG)

  R, L, CCT

Haydar B and Enacar A [37]

FR + LSE vs. UCG

11 (FR)

8.8 ± 1.17 (OBB)

Not available

  1992

 

10 (UCG)

8.3 ± 1.06 (UCG)

  P, L, CCT

Kiliaridis S et al. [17]

MBB vs. PBB

10 (MBB)

8.9–16.1

3M, 7F (MBB)

  1990

10 (PBB)

3M, 7F (PBB)

  P, L, CT

Frankel R [36]

FR + LSE vs. UCG

30 (FR)

7 (FR)

Not declared

  1983

11 (UCG)

8 (UCG)

  R, L, CCT

  1. Legends: Study design: P prospective, L longitudinal, CT clinical trial, i.e., comparison of at least two treatment modalities without any untreated or normal group involved, R retrospective, CCT controlled clinical trial, RCT randomized controlled trial. Treatment modalities: RMI rapid molar intruder, MBB magnetic bite block, Q-H/C quad-helix/crib, UCG untreated control group, RPC removable palatal crib, VCC vertical chin cup, FPC fixed palatal crib, BS bonded spurs, SLBB spring-loaded bite block, OBB open bite bionator, PBB5 posterior bite blocks 5 mm, PBB10 posterior bite blocks 10 mm, FR Fränkel appliance, LSE lip seal exercises, A-HPH Teuscher appliance. Sex: M male, F female