Evaluating the effects of consolidation on intrusion and retraction using temporary anchorage devices—a FEM study

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 6 Stresses on PDL in group I and group II non-consolidated models (MPa)

		Von Mises stresses					Principle tensile stresses					Principle compressive stresses
	Implant heights (mm)	C.I	L.I	C	PM	M	C.I	L.I	C	PM	M	C.I	L.I	C	PM	M
Group I	7	0.003	0.028	0.019	0.003	0.003	0	0.005	0.026	0.002	0.002	0.001	0	−0.001	−0.001	−0.001
	10	0.003	0.03	0.023	0.004	0.004	0.006	0.009	0.028	0.002	0.002	0.001	−0.001	−0.001	−0.001	−0.001
	13	0.007	0.03	0.023	0.002	0.002	0.006	0.006	0.027	0.003	0.003	0.001	−0.001	−0.001	0	0
Group II	7	0.003	0.01	0	0.003	0.007	0.003	0.003	0.011	0.003	0.003	0	0	0	0	0
	10	0	0.03	0.026	0	0	0.006	0.006	0.028	0	0	0.001	−0.001	−0.001	−0.001	0
	13	0.003	0.03	0.027	0.003	0.002	0.006	0.006	0.027	0.002	0.003	0.001	−0.001	−0.001	−0.001	0

Inference: +ve: tensile stresses; –ve: compressive stresses
Group I: Von Mises stresses are more in laterals in 10- and 13-mm implant heights (0.030) in canines at 10- and 13-mm implant heights (0.023) and centrals in 13-mm implant height (0.007). Principle tensile stresses are more in 10-mm canines (0.028) and laterals (0.009) and centrals (0.006) at 10- and 13-mm implant heights. Compressive stresses are present in all teeth except in 7-mm implant height in lateral, 13-mm implant height in premolars and molars
Group II: Von Mises stresses are more in canines in 10- and 13-mm implant heights (0.026 and 0.027, respectively). Principle tensile stresses are more in canines in 10- and 13-mm implant height (0.028 and 0.027, respectively). Compressive stresses are not observed in 7-mm implant height, and stresses are not observed in molars at 10- and 13-mm implant heights