Control of anterior segment using an antero-posterior lingual sliding retraction system: a preliminary cone-beam CT study

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 3 Comparison of the changes in CBCT variables between the C-group and AP-group

Variables	C-group (n = 18)		AP-group (n = 16)
Variables	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p value
Three-dimensional tooth movement
Maxillary central incisors
U1CP ΔX′	− 0.16	0.74	− 0.09	0.83	.9291
U1CP ΔY	4.02	1.07	3.81	1.44	.6515
U1CP ΔZ	0.20	0.62	1.99	0.69	.0000***
U1RPΔX′	0.02	0.78	0.11	0.46	.7123
U1RP ΔY	0.94	1.41	1.91	1.01	.0364*
U1RP ΔZ	0.96	0.93	1.76	0.57	.006**
Maxillary canines
U3CP ΔX′	0.11	0.70	0.34	1.06	.4759
U3CP ΔY	3.80	1.11	3.70	1.23	.7913
U3CP ΔZ	1.46	0.71	2.02	0.84	.0436**
U3RP ΔX′	0.17	0.62	0.45	0.85	.2801
U3RP ΔY	1.12	1.42	0.87	1.30	.5976
U3RP ΔZ	1.97	0.94	2.09	1.58	.7782
Maxillary first molars
U6CP ΔX′	− 0.78	0.93	− 0.09	1.10	.0663
U6CP ΔY	− 1.46	0.90	− 0.45	1.44	.0212*
U6CP ΔZ	− 0.65	0.55	0.99	1.05	.0000***
Occlusal plane and canine evaluation
ΔOP-FH plane (°)	0.62	1.49	− 0.19	2.69	0.446
ΔFH to U3 long axis (°)	5.61	3.23	3.20	2.44	0.020*
ΔOP to U3 cusp tip (mm)	0.15	0.65	− 0.21	0.56	0.093
Alveolar bone level
ΔVABLl	0.071	0.22	− 0.32	0.42	0.003**
ΔVALBp	2.37	2.51	1.55	1.02	0.783
Root resorption
ΔRL	− 0.8	0.68	− 0.7	0.59	0.692

Independent t test was performed
SD standard deviation, ΔX′ change of X-axis (outward movement: +, inward movement: −), ΔY change of Y-axis (distal movement: +, mesial movement: −), ΔZ change of Z-axis (upward movement: +, downward movement: −), ΔOP-FH plane occlusal plane angle to FH plane, ΔFH to U3 long axis FH plane angle to the long axis of the maxillary canines, ΔOP to U3 cusp tip distance between the cusp tip of maxillary canines and occlusal plane, ΔVABLl change of vertical alveolar bone level on labial side, ΔVALBp change of vertical alveolar bone level on palatal side, ΔRL change of root length
*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001