Table 3 Effects of different types of pacifiers on orofacial structures
From: The effect of pacifier sucking on orofacial structures: a systematic literature review
Study | Age of examination in months | Pacifier type 1 | Pacifier type 2 | Examined orofacial structures | Results (%) | Statistical significance (p value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pacifier type 1 | Pacifier type 2 | ||||||
Adair et al., 1995 [12] | 24–59 (43.9) | Functional exerciser | Conventional pacifier | AOB | 13.4 | 23.7 | 0.19 |
PCB | 15.9 | 13.2 | 0.79 | ||||
Overjet (≥4 mm) | 23.2 | 13.2 | 0.23 | ||||
Class II primary canine relationship | 26.8 | 5.3 | 0.01 | ||||
Class II primary molar relationship | 15.9 | 2.6 | 0.04 | ||||
Lima et al., 2016 [15] | 24–36 (29.0 (±2.0 SD)) | Orthodontic pacifier | Conventional pacifier | AOB | 44.3 | 55.7 | 0.03 |
PCB | 37.5 | 62.5 | 0.72 | ||||
Overjet (> 2 mm) | 42.9 | 57.1 | 0.11 | ||||
Class II primary molar relationship | 28.6 | 71.4 | 0.78 | ||||
Flush of primary molar relationship | 41.7 | 58.3 | 0.78 | ||||
Deep overbite | 64.3 | 35.7 | 0.23 | ||||
Diastema | 55.6 | 44.4 | 0.32 | ||||
Crowding | 66.7 | 33.3 | > 0.999 | ||||
Wagner and Heinrich-Weltzien, 2016 [16] | 16–24 months (20.3) | Thin neck pacifier (TNP) | Conventional or physiological | AOB Overjet (≥2 mm) | −1.2 2.7 | −2.2 3.2 | < 0.001 < 0.001 |
Zimmer et al., 2011 [13] | 15.9 (± 3.9 SD) | Dentistar | NUK | AOB | 5 | 38 | < 0.001 |
Overjet (mm), mean ± SD | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | > 0.05 | ||||
Zimmer et al., 2016 [14] | 20–36 months | Dentistar | NUK | AOB | 6.7 | 50 | 0.00 |
Increased overjet | 31.1 | 19.0 | 0.23 | ||||
Class II primary canine and molar relationship | 4.8 | 11.1 | 0.29 | ||||
Deep overbite | 6.7 | 2.4 | 0.47 | ||||