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Progress in Orthodontics

Table 1 Material properties of various anatomical structures

From: Comparative assessment of the efficacy of closed helical loop and T-loop for space closure in lingual orthodontics—a finite element study

Components

Density (g/mm3)

Young’s modulus (GPa)

Poisson’s ratio (μ)

Teeth

1.7–06

2.03 + 04

0.3

Periodontal ligament (PDL)

1.7–06

0.667

0.49

Alveolar bone

1.7–06

1.37 + 04

0.38

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