Fig. 3
From: Role of osteopontin in bone remodeling and orthodontic tooth movement: a review
A schematic representation of osteopontin regulation and osteopontin-mediated periodontal remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement at tension side and compression side. ECM (extra-cellular matrix), PDL (periodontal ligament), Cx43 (connexin 43), ERK1/2 (extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase 1,2), RUNX2 (runt-related transcription factor 2), IL-1/IL-8 (interleukin 1/8), MMP’s (matrix metalloproteinases), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), TIMP’s (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases), ATP (adenosine triphosphate), PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), EP, RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B ligand), RANK (receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B), OPG (osteoprotegerin), P2Y1 (purinoreceptor 1), Pka (protein kinase A), NFkB (nuclear factor kappa B), COX (cyclooxygenase), ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase), FAK (focal adhesion kinase), ELK1 (ETS domain containing protein), AP1 (activator protein 1)