Table 2 Landmark definition for structures affected by treatment
From: United Reference Method for three-dimensional treatment evaluation
Landmark | Definition |
|---|---|
ANS | The most anterior midpoint of the anterior nasal spine of the maxilla. |
PNS | The most posterior midpoint of the posterior nasal spine of the palatine bone. |
R-Max and L-Max | The Most concave point on the maxillary basal bone on the Mid-Max. Perpendicular plane. (Fig. 3) |
R- Alveo and L- Alveo | The most inferior point of the alveolar crest on the Mid-Max. Perpendicular plane. (Fig. 3) |
Molar axis | The line perpendicular on the plane constructed from the three molar root apices. |
Premolar axis | The line from the buccal cusp tip to the apex of buccal root of the upper first premolar. |