Are there benefits from using bone-borne maxillary expansion instead of tooth-borne maxillary expansion? A systematic review with meta-analysis

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 1 Characteristics of included randomized trials pertaining to setting, patients, and intervention

Study	Design; Setting; Country$	Patients (M/F); age	Intervention; duration^#	Activation protocol
Bazargani [33]	RCT; Clinic; SWE	EG1: 19 (11/8); 9.7 EG2: 21 (10/11); 10.2	EG1: TB RME; NR EG2: Hybr. RME; NR	2×/day until upper palatal molar cusps touch lower molar buccal cusps
Canan [31]	RCT; Uni; TUR	EG1: 16 (8/8); 12.6 EG2: 16 (7/9); 12.9 EG3: 15 (7/8); 13.4	EG1: TB RME; 13.3 days EG2: BB RME; 12.4 days EG3: Hybr. RME; 14.1 days	2×/day
Celenk-Koca [30]	RCT; Pract; NLD	EG1: 20 (8/12); 13.8 EG2: 20 (7/13); 13.8	EG1: TB RME; 19.7 days EG2: BB RME; 19.7 days	2×/day until upper palatal molar cusps touch lower molar buccal cusps
Feldmann [37]	RCT; Clinic; SWE	EG1: 25 (12/13); 9.7 EG2: 25 (12/13); 10.0	EG1: TB RME; NR EG2: Hybr. RME; NR	2×/day until upper palatal molar cusps touch lower molar buccal cusps
Gunyuz Toklu [18]	RCT; Uni; TUR	EG1: 13 (5/8); 14.3 EG2: 12 (6/6); 13.8	EG1: TB RME; 19.2 days EG2: Hybr. RME; 20.2 days	2×/day until upper palatal molar cusps touch lower molar buccal cusps
Lagravère 2009 [45]_collated^†	RCT; Uni; CAN	EG1: 20 (5/15); 14.1 EG2: 21 (8/13); 14.2 CG: 21 (6/15); 12.9	EG1: TB RME; NR EG2: BB RME; NR CG: observation	2×/day for DME (or 1×/2 days for the SME) until overcorrection

BB bone-borne, CG control group without expansion, EG experimental group with expansion, F female, Hybr. hybrid (tooth-bone-borne), RCT randomized clinical trial, HME hybrid (skeletally/dentally) anchored maxillary expansion, M male, NR not reported, Pract practice, RME rapid maxillary expansion, SME skeletally anchored maxillary expansion, TB tooth-borne, Uni university
^#Duration of active transverse expansion in weeks
^$Countries are given with their ISO-3 code
^†Including the publications Lagravère 2010 [46], Lagravère 2013 [47], Kabalan 2015 [48], Stepanko 2016 [49] and the dissertations Lagravère 2009 [45], Forst 2015 [36]