Are there benefits from using bone-borne maxillary expansion instead of tooth-borne maxillary expansion? A systematic review with meta-analysis

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 2 Characteristics of included randomized trials pertaining to follow-up and outcome

Study	Follow-up	Method/outcome
Bazargani [33]	Post-exp	Rhinomanometry ▪ Nasal airflow ▪ Nasal resistance Plaster casts ▪ Dental arch width (IMW)
Canan [31]	• Post-exp • 6.0 months post-exp	CBCT ▪ 3D tooth movements ▪ Dental arch width (ICW, IP1W, IMW) ▪ Dental tipping (P1, M) Clinical ▪ Technical complications
Celenk-Koca [30]	• 6.0 months post-exp	CBCT ▪ Dental arch width (IP1W, IMW) ▪ Dental tipping (P1, M) ▪ Root resorption ▪ Skeletal maxillary width ▪ Skeletal sutural opening amount & pattern
Feldmann [37]	1st/4th exp day	Questionnaire ▪ Pain ▪ Discomfort ▪ Jaw function ▪ Analgesic consumption
Gunyuz Toklu [18]	3.0 mos post-exp	CBCT ▪ Facial width ▪ Skeletal maxillary width ▪ Buccal/palatal bone thickness (C, P1, P2, M) ▪ Alveolar (P1, M) / dental (C, P1, P2, M) tipping ▪ Dental arch width (ICW, IP1W, IP2W, IMW)
Lagravère 2009 [45]_collated^†	• Post-exp • 6.0 months post-exp • 12.0 months post-exp	CBCT ▪ Nasal width ▪ Skeletal maxillary width ▪ Skeletal mandibular width ▪ Dental arch width (IP1W, IMW) ▪ Sagittal/vertical tooth movements (I, M) ▪ Sagittal/vertical skeletal mandibular position Questionnaire ▪ Pain Acoustic rhinometry ▪ Nasal airway volume

CBCT cone beam computed tomography, Exp expansion, I incisor, IMW intermolar width, IP1W inter-(first)-premolar width, M molar, P1 first premolar, P2 second premolar
^†Including the publications Lagravère 2010 [46], Lagravère 2013 [47], Kabalan 2015 [48], Stepanko 2016 [49] and the dissertations Lagravère 2009 [45], Forst 2015 [36]