Table 2 Assessment of included non-randomized studies with the ROBINS-I tool
Domain | Reference | Bhattarai 2011 [30] | Dyer 1991 [1] | Furquim 2018 [31] | Harris 1990 [32] | Iancu 2018 [33] | Jiang 2017 [34] | Loke 2012 [35] | Nienkemper 2014 [36] | Robb 1998 [37] | Sachdeva 2012 [38] | Shim 2011 [39] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. Confounding | 1.1 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
1.2 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
1.3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
1.4 | NI | PY | PN | PY | N | NI | NI | PY | NI | NI | NI | |
1.5 | N | Y | PY | Y | Y | N | N | Y | N | N | N | |
1.6 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | |
1.7 | N | NA | N | NA | N | N | N | NA | N | N | N | |
1.8 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
Judgement | Serious | Moderate | Serious | Moderate | Serious | Serious | Serious | Moderate | Serious | Serious | Serious | |
2. Selection of participants into the study | 2.1 | Y | PN | N | PN | N | N | Y | PN | NI | NI | PN |
2.2 | Y | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | NA | NA | N | |
2.3 | Y | N | N | N | N | N | Y | N | NA | NA | N | |
2.4 | PY | PY | PY | PY | Y | Y | NI | PY | PN | PN | PN | |
2.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | N | N | N | |
Judgement | Serious | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Serious | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | |
3. Classification of interventions | 3.1 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | PY | Y | Y | Y |
3.2 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | |
3.3 | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | N | |
Judgement | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | |
4. Deviations from intended interventions | 4.1 | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI |
4.2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
4.3 | NI | Y | NI | Y | Y | Y | NI | Y | NI | NI | NI | |
4.4 | NI | NI | PY | PY | PY | PY | NI | Y | Y | NI | NI | |
4.5 | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | |
4.6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
Judgement | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | |
5. Missing data | 5.1 | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI |
5.2 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | |
5.3 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | |
5.4 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
5.5 | NΑ | NΑ | NΑ | NΑ | NΑ | NΑ | NΑ | NΑ | NΑ | NΑ | NΑ | |
Judgement | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | NI | |
6. Measurement of outcomes | 6.1 | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY |
6.2 | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | |
6.3 | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | PY | |
6.4 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | |
Judgement | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | |
7. Selection of the reported result | 7.1 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN |
7.2 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | |
7.3 | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | PN | |
Judgement | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low | |
Overall | Judgement | Serious | Moderate | Serious | Moderate | Serious | Serious | Serious | Moderate | Serious | Serious | Serious |