The effect of vestibular, lingual, and aligner appliances on the quality of life of adult patients during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 2 QoL of patients treated with vestibular, lingual, and aligner appliances

	Vestibular			Lingual			Aligner			V-L	V-A	L-A
	n	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	n	Mean	SD	P signif.
Physical health (D1)	41	22.7	2.0	37	22	1.9	39	28.1	2.1	NS	< 0.001	< 0.001
Psychological health (D2)		15.2	1.9		18.4	2.2		23.2	2.0	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Social relationships (D3)		7.8	1.4		10.2	1.2		10.9	1.5	< 0.001	< 0.001	NS
Environment (D4)		26.4	1.9		29.3	2.0		32.1	2.1	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Overall		18	1.1		20.8	1.1		23.1	1	< 0.005	< 0.005	< 0.005