Comparison of one versus two maxillary molars distalization with iPanda: a finite element analysis

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 4 The initial displacement of the first and second molar (μm)

Force	Tooth	Landmark	Displacement (μm)
			x-axis		y-axis		z-axis
			One molar	Two molars	One molar	Two molars	One molar	Two molars
50 g	First molar	Mesiobuccal cusp	0.10	1.92	0.03	0.39	0.19	− 0.12
		Palatal root	0.01	− 0.70	0.01	− 0.20	0.01	− 0.05
		Distolingual cusp	− 0.01	2.18	0.04	0.81	− 0.01	− 0.84
	Second molar	Mesiobuccal cusp	1.73	0.36	1.64	0.16	− 0.47	0.09
		Mesiobuccal root	− 0.63	− 0.04	− 0.35	0.07	− 0.09	0.07
		Distolingual cusp	1.72	0.30	1.78	− 0.06	− 0.55	− 0.05
100 g	First molar	Mesiobuccal cusp	0.20	3.82	0.06	0.81	0.23	− 0.24
		Mesiobuccal root	0.02	− 1.39	0.02	− 0.40	0.02	− 0.10
		Distolingual cusp	− 0.02	4.43	0.08	1.64	− 0.02	− 1.67
	Second molar	Mesiobuccal cusp	3.62	0.72	2.59	0.32	− 0.56	0.17
		Mesiobuccal root	− 1.34	− 0.08	− 0.47	0.13	− 0.33	0.15
		Distolingual cusp	4.17	0.59	2.82	− 0.11	− 0.70	− 0.11
200 g	First molar	Mesiobuccal cusp	0.40	7.60	0.12	1.68	0.28	− 0.48
		Mesiobuccal root	0.04	− 2.76	0.04	− 0.80	0.04	− 0.20
		Distolingual cusp	− 0.04	9.00	0.16	3.32	− 0.04	− 3.32
	Second molar	Mesiobuccal cusp	7.57	1.44	4.09	0.64	− 0.67	0.32
		Mesiobuccal root	− 2.85	− 0.16	− 0.63	0.24	− 1.21	0.32
		Distolingual cusp	10.11	1.16	4.47	− 0.20	− 0.89	− 0.24

X transverse axis, Y anteroposterior axis, Z vertical axis. A +x value was defined as the buccal direction, +y as the distal direction, and +z as the apical direction