Table 3 Comparison between females and males during the periods T0–T1 and T1–T2 in the Class I group. Po Porion, Co Condyleon, perp perpendicular, Co-Gn Condyleon-Gnation, Pg Pogonion, FH Frankfurt Horizontal, SN Sella-Nasion, MPA mandibular plane angle, Me Menton, S Sella; Go Gonion, ANS anterior nasal spine, U1 upper incisor, L1 lower incisor, E plane Esthetic plane. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001

 Cranial flexure (°)

0.73

1.70

− 0.56

1.49

0.56

1.38

0.68

1.46

*

NS

 Po localization (mm)

− 0.87

2.30

− 0.95

1.51

− 0.10

1.71

− 0.96

1.95

NS

NS

 Anterior cranial base (mm)

2.16

2.55

1.56

2.05

1.60

1.41

3.87

2.64

NS

**

 Posterior cranial base (mm)

1.50

2.31

2.56

1.69

0.66

1.42

1.70

1.53

NS

NS

 Co-point A (mm)

3.09

2.16

2.36

2.24

3.17

2.16

4.51

2.08

NS

NS

 SNA (°)

− 0.75

2.07

− 0.06

1.04

0.32

1.22

− 0.42

1.08

NS

NS

 Point A-Nasion perp (mm)

− 0.23

2.23

− 1.56

1.10

1.26

1.55

− 0.38

1.19

NS

**

 Maxillary depth (°)

− 0.22

2.09

− 1.34

0.84

1.24

1.63

0.26

1.26

NS

NS

 Co-Gn (mm)

6.38

4.06

7.64

3.77

5.44

3.15

8.72

3.61

NS

*

 SNB (°)

0.11

1.60

0.74

1.59

0.16

1.47

− 0.53

1.71

NS

NS

 Pg-Nasion perp (mm)

1.50

3.00

− 0.40

1.83

3.37

4.28

1.16

2.30

*

NS

 Wits appraisal (mm)

− 0.74

1.21

− 0.26

0.82

0.16

0.80

0.73

1.25

NS

NS

 ANB (°)

− 0.85

1.18

− 0.91

1.12

0.23

0.88

0.20

1.16

NS

NS

 Maxillary/mandibibular difference (mm)

3.62

2.20

4.37

2.16

2.26

1.88

4.42

3.20

NS

*

 FH-occlusal plane (°)

− 1.62

2.64

− 0.62

2.78

− 2.38

2.64

− 1.22

2.26

NS

NS

 SN-palatal plane (°)

1.49

3.15

− 0.96

1.84

− 0.80

2.67

2.29

2.94

*

**

 MPA (°)

− 0.56

2.22

0.47

1.99

− 1.93

2.81

− 1.82

2.18

NS

NS

 Nasion-Me (mm)

6.52

5.54

7.75

4.87

3.56

2.52

8.46

3.08

NS

***

 S-Go (mm)

4.55

4.64

6.17

3.36

3.60

3.36

8.61

3.56

NS

***

 ANS-Me (mm)

3.37

3.25

3.00

2.97

1.90

1.86

3.12

2.28

NS

NS

 Gonial angle (°)

− 1.94

1.99

− 1.74

2.69

− 1.20

4.74

− 3.90

6.82

NS

NS

 S-Go/Nasion-Me (%)

0.86

2.30

1.70

1.56

0.77

2.03

0.97

2.46

NS

NS

 Facial axis (°)

− 0.46

1.56

− 0.26

1.53

1.06

1.49

0.79

1.20

NS

NS

 Overjet (mm)

− 1.14

1.48

− 2.06

1.48

0.20

1.15

1.62

1.34

NS

**

 Overbite (mm)

− 0.85

1.89

− 1.14

1.50

0.74

1.31

0.84

1.02

NS

NS

 Interincisal angle (°)

− 6.90

11.73

− 8.72

13.10

0.81

8.79

6.34

4.41

NS

*

 Molar relationship (mm)

− 1.06

1.23

− 1.85

1.27

− 0.02

0.81

− 0.12

1.11

NS

NS

 U1 to point A to Nasion perp (mm)

0.62

2.71

1.27

1.35

1.14

0.85

1.12

1.19

NS

NS

 U1 to FH (°)

3.66

10.42

3.86

7.09

0.80

5.76

0.02

2.43

NS

NS

 L1 to A-Pg (mm)

1.65

2.07

2.33

1.55

0.12

1.47

− 0.72

1.52

NS

NS

 L1 to MPA (°)

3.16

6.18

1.40

3.57

1.15

4.41

− 0.51

1.81

NS

NS

 Lower lip to E plane (mm)

− 0.83

2.06

− 0.92

1.42

− 1.46

2.30

− 1.76

0.85

NS

NS

 Upper lip to E plane (mm)

− 1.44

2.12

− 1.92

1.37

− 1.86

2.03

− 1.98

0.95

NS

NS

 Nasiolabial angle (°)

− 0.70

6.63

1.63

2.04

− 0.16

5.68

− 0.43

2.10

NS

NS