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Table 4 Comparison of three-dimensional changes of maxillary teeth among groups

From: Three-dimensional evaluation of maxillary tooth movement in extraction patients with three different miniscrew anchorage systems: a randomized controlled trial

Measurements

DL vs. IL vs. DH

DL vs. IL

DL vs. DH

IL vs. DH

F

P

Effect sizea

Mean difference (95% CI)

P

Effect sizeb

Mean difference (95% CI)

P

Effect sizeb

Mean difference (95% CI)

P

Effect sizeb

Buccolingual/labiolingual position (mm)

U6c

13.52

 < 0.001**

0.69

 − 1.40 (− 1.93 ~  − 0.86)

 < 0.001**

1.71

 − 0.63 (− 1.16 ~  − 0.09)

0.024*

0.81

0.77 (0.23 ~ 1.31)

0.006**

0.81

U6r

6.10

0.004**

0.46

1.08 (0.28 ~ 1.87)

0.009**

0.81

1.30 (0.50 ~ 2.10)

0.002**

1.11

0.23 (− 0.57 ~ 1.02)

0.574

0.18

U5c

8.118

0.001**

0.53

 − 1.04 (− 1.55 ~  − 0.52)

 < 0.001**

1.20

 − 0.62 (− 1.13 ~  − 0.10)

0.021*

0.82

0.42 (− 0.10 ~ 0.94)

0.110

0.50

U5r

2.695

0.076

0.31

0.34 (− 0.25 ~ 0.93)

0.254

0.34

0.69 (0.09 ~ 1.28)

0.024*

0.81

0.35 (− 0.25 ~ 0.94)

0.247

0.37

U3c

1.848

0.167

0.27

 − 0.80 (− 1.66 ~ 0.06)

0.069

0.30

 − 0.59 (− 1.45 ~ 0.27)

0.177

0.44

0.21 (− 0.65 ~ 1.07)

0.628

0.17

U3r

3.288

0.045*

0.46

 − 0.93 (− 1.90 ~ 0.04)

0.059

0.26

0.24 (− 0.73 ~ 1.21)

0.620

0.16

1.17 (0.20 ~ 2.14)

0.018*

0.73

U2c

0.896

0.414

0.18

0.50 (− 0.36 ~ 1.36)

0.251

0.35

0.01 (− 0.86 ~ 0.87)

0.989

0.00

 − 0.50 (− 1.37 ~ 0.36)

0.252

0.34

U2r

3.327

0.043*

0.34

0.05 (− 0.71 ~ 0.80)

0.905

0.04

 − 0.82 (− 1.57 ~  − 0.06)

0.034*

0.63

 − 0.86 (− 1.61 ~  − 0.11)

0.026*

0.86

U1c

4.374

0.017*

0.39

0.68 (0.18 ~ 1.17)

0.008**

0.96

0.58 (0.09 ~ 1.07)

0.022*

0.69

 − 0.10 (− 0.59 ~ 0.40)

0.702

0.12

U1r

5.264

0.008*

0.43

0.06 (− 0.77 ~ 0.89)

0.885

0.05

 − 1.13 (− 1.96 ~  − 0.30)

0.008*

0.85

 − 1.19 (− 2.02 ~  − 0.36)

0.006*

0.91

Vertical position (mm)

U6c

16.11

 < 0.001**

0.75

 − 1.18 (− 1.60 ~  − 0.75)

 < 0.001**

1.84

 − 0.85 (− 1.27 ~  − 0.42)

 < 0.001**

1.29

0.33 (− 0.10 ~ 0.76)

0.128

0.45

U6r

9.54

 < 0.001**

0.58

 − 1.17 (− 1.73 ~  − 0.61)

 < 0.001**

1.37

 − 0.90 (− 1.46 ~  − 0.33)

0.002**

0.92

0.28 (− 0.29 ~ 0.84)

0.330

0.33

U5c

0.243

0.785

0.53

0.19 (− 0.37 ~ 0.75)

0.501

0.19

0.06 (− 0.51 ~ 0.62)

0.845

0.07

 − 0.14 (− 0.70 ~ 0.43)

0.632

0.17

U5r

0.017

0.984

0.31

 − 0.04 (− 0.52 ~ 0.45)

0.885

0.04

0.01 (− 0.48 ~ 0.49)

0.983

0.01

0.04 (− 0.44 ~ 0.52)

0.868

0.06

U3c

0.589

0.558

0.14

0.19 (− 0.44 ~ 0.81)

0.558

0.18

0.34 (− 0.29 ~ 0.97)

0.283

0.41

0.16 (− 0.47 ~ 0.78)

0.623

0.14

U3r

0.553

0.578

0.14

0.45 (− 0.42 ~ 1.32)

0.304

0.50

0.29 (− 0.58 ~ 1.16)

0.506

0.20

 − 0.16 (− 1.03 ~ 0.71)

0.714

0.10

U2c

3.420

0.040*

0.35

0.10 (− 0.55 ~ 0.74)

0.768

0.10

0.77 (0.13 ~ 1.41)

0.020*

0.84

0.68 (0.03 ~ 1.32)

0.040*

0.60

U2r

9.201

 < 0.001**

0.57

0.86 (0.24 ~ 1.48)

0.007**

0.91

1.30 (0.68 ~ 1.91)

 < 0.001**

1.27

0.44 (− 0.18 ~ 1.05)

0.162

0.46

U1c

7.474

0.001**

0.51

0.48 (− 0.25 ~ 1.20)

0.192

0.43

1.37 (0.65 ~ 2.09)

 < 0.001**

1.24

0.90 (0.17 ~ 1.62)

0.016*

0.74

U1r

9.397

 < 0.001**

0.57

1.46 (0.68 ~ 2.23)

 < 0.001**

1.08

1.44 (0.66 ~ 2.21)

 < 0.001**

1.13

 − 0.02 (− 0.79 ~ 0.75)

0.959

0.02

Mesiodistal position (mm)

U6c

10.30

 < 0.001**

0.60

0.84 (0.36 ~ 1.32)

0.001**

1.08

 − 0.18 (− 0.66 ~ 0.30)

0.456

0.27

 − 1.02 (− 1.50 ~  − 0.54)

 < 0.001**

1.24

U6r

7.30

0.002**

0.51

 − 0.59 (− 1.20 ~ 0.03)

0.062

0.58

 − 1.18 (− 1.79 ~  − 0.56)

 < 0.001**

1.30

 − 0.59 (− 1.21 ~ 0.03)

0.060

0.59

U5c

1.852

0.166

0.26

0.69 (− 0.22 ~ 1.60)

0.134

0.69

 − 0.12 (− 1.03 ~ 0.79)

0.793

0.08

 − 0.81(− 1.72 ~ 0.10)

0.080

0.50

U5r

5.163

0.009**

0.43

0.91 (0.32 ~ 1.50)

0.003**

0.88

0.21 (− 0.39 ~  − 0.80)

0.493

0.21

 − 0.71 (− 1.30 ~  − 0.11)

0.021*

0.91

U3c

2.129

0.128

0.26

0.55 (− 0.70 ~ 1.80)

0.382

0.54

 − 0.74 (− 1.99 ~ 0.52)

0.244

0.37

 − 1.29 (− 2.54 ~  − 0.03)

0.044*

0.62

U3r

6.020

0.004**

0.34

 − 0.42 (− 1.51 ~ 0.67)

0.445

0.62

 − 1.81 (− 2.90 ~  − 0.72)

0.002**

1.00

 − 1.39 (− 2.48 ~  − 0.30)

0.014*

0.80

U2c

0.199

0.820

0.08

 − 0.20 (− 0.92 ~ 0.53)

0.592

0.15

 − 0.20 (− 0.92 ~ 0.52)

0.582

0.17

 − 0.01 (− 0.73 ~ 0.72)

0.989

0.01

U2r

4.156

0.021*

0.38

 − 0.46 (− 1.08 ~ 0.17)

0.153

0.48

0.45 (− 0.18 ~ 1.08)

0.157

0.46

0.91 (0.28 ~ 1.53)

0.006**

0.86

U1c

0.212

0.810

0.09

 − 0.05 (− 0.60 ~ 0.50)

0.857

0.05

0.13 (− 0.43 ~ 0.68)

0.653

0.14

0.18 (− 0.38 ~ 0.73)

0.530

0.24

U1r

0.687

0.507

0.16

 − 0.26 (− 0.71 ~ 0.19)

0.250

0.38

 − 0.10 (− 0.55 ~ 0.35)

0.657

0.13

0.16 (− 0.29 ~ 0.61)

0.477

0.25

Buccolingual/labiolingual inclination (°)

U6

14.29

 < 0.001**

0.71

 − 8.27 (− 11.51 ~  − 5.04)

 < 0.001**

1.62

 − 6.28 (− 9.51 ~ 3.04)

 < 0.001**

1.40

2.00 (− 1.23 ~ 15.23)

0.221

0.35

U5

7.808

0.001**

0.52

 − 3.52 (− 5.59 ~  − 1.45)

0.001**

0.98

 − 3.56 (− 5.62 ~  − 1.49)

0.001**

1.45

 − 0.04 (− 2.10 ~ 2.03)

0.973

0.01

U3

1.328

0.273

0.22

0.73 (− 2.34 ~ 3.79)

0.638

0.14

 − 1.71 (− 4.77 ~ 1.36)

0.270

0.34

 − 2.43 (− 5.50 ~ 0.64)

0.118

0.58

U2

1.388

0.258

0.22

1.16 (− 1.47 ~ 3.79)

0.382

0.26

2.19 (− 0.44 ~ 4.82)

0.101

0.57

1.03 (− 1.60 ~ 3.66)

0.437

0.25

U1

5.226

0.008*

0.43

0.61 (− 2.03 ~ 3.24)

0.648

0.16

3.95 (1.31 ~ 6.59)

0.004**

0.90

3.35 (0.71 ~ 5.98)

0.014*

0.79

Mesiodistal inclination (°)

U6

10.04

 < 0.001**

0.59

4.60 (2.48 ~ 6.72)

 < 0.001**

1.29

3.31 (1.19 ~ 5.43)

0.003**

1.25

 − 1.29 (− 3.41 ~ 0.83)

0.228

0.35

U5

0.187

0.830

0.08

 − 0.36 (− 6.70 ~ 6.00)

0.911

0.09

1.48 (− 4.87 ~ 7.82)

0.643

0.12

1.83 (− 4.52 ~ 8.18)

0.566

0.16

U3

1.834

0.169

0.25

1.92 (− 0.86 ~ 4.69)

0.173

0.44

2.56 (− 0.22 ~ 5.33)

0.071

0.62

0.64 (− 2.14 ~ 3.42)

0.647

0.14

  1. aEffect sizes (small = 0.10, moderate = 0.25, large ≥ 0.40) were measured using Cohen’s f
  2. bEffect sizes (small = 0.20, moderate = 0.50, large ≥ 0.80) were measured using Cohen’s d
  3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01