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Progress in Orthodontics
Fig. 4 | Progress in Orthodontics

Fig. 4

From: A retrospective comparison of two protocols for correction of skeletal Class III malocclusion in prepubertal children: hybrid hyrax expander with mandibular miniplates and rapid maxillary expansion with face mask

Fig. 4

Cephalometric measurements and reference lines. SN Sella-Nasion line. TH true horizontal line 7° from SN. TV true vertical line 90° from TH through Sella. A-TV perpendicular distance from A point to TV, B-TV perpendicular distance from B-Point to TV, FH Frankfort horizontal line, PP palatal plane through ANS-PNS, MP mandibular plane, UOP upper occlusal plane: maxillary incisal tip to mesiobuccal cusp of first molar, LOP lower occlusal plane: mandibular incisor tip to mesiobuccal cusp of mandibular first molar. U1 long axis of the most labial upper incisor, L1 long axis of the most labial mandibular incisor, U6 maxillary first molar long axis: mesiobuccal cusp to mesiobuccal root tip, L6 mandibular first molar long axis: mesiobuccal cusp to mesial root tip

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