Progress in Orthodontics

Table 4 Inter-group comparison (T0-T1) of the two studied groups

From: A quantitative three-dimensional comparative study of alveolar bone changes and apical root resorption between clear aligners and fixed orthodontic appliances

		Fixed appliances (Mean ± SD)	Clear aligners (Mean ± SD)	p value
Bone Thickness
Central incisors	Labial	− 0.03 ± 0.70	0.09 ± 0.49	0.714^b
	Palatal	0.47 ± 0.99	0.02 ± 1.09	0.000^b***
	Total	0.22 ± 0.89	0.05 ± 0.85	0.004^b**
lateral incisors	Labial	0.05 ± 0.55	0.18 ± 0.43	0.095^b
	Palatal	0.32 ± 0.90	− 0.33 ± 1.18	0.000^b***
	Total	0.18 ± 0.76	− 0.08 ± 0.92	0.001^b**
Total		0.20 ± 0.82	− 0.01 ± 0.89	0.000^b***
Bone height
Central incisors	Labial	0.92 ± 1.36	0.90 ± 2.33	0.160^b
Central incisors	Palatal	1.83 ± 1.65	0.69 ± 1.50	0.419^b
Lateral incisors	Labial	0.85 ± 1.22	2.01 ± 3.21	0.504^b
Lateral incisors	Palatal	1.03 ± 1.97	0.45 ± 1.90	0.381^b
Root Resorption
Central incisors		0.68 ± 0.97	0.28 ± 0.26	0.016^b*
Lateral incisors		0.55 ± 0.54	0.35 ± 0.53	0.010^b*
Average		0.62 ± 0.78	0.31 ± 0.42	0.000^b***
Inclination
UI-PP		− 1.23 ± 8.07	4.52 ± 8.03	0.030^a*

a: Independent sample t test, b: Mann–Whitney U test, *: p < 0.05, **:p < 0.01, ***:p < 0.001

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