Table 1 Eligibility criteria used for the selection of the studies according to the PICOS approach

Participant characteristics

Studies on human patients with open-bite malocclusion of any age or gender

Patients with craniofacial syndromes and/or cleft lip palate

Patients with temporomandibular joint disorders

Animal studies

Patients with deep bite

Intervention

Orthodontic treatment with fixed or removable appliances

Surgical treatment of open bite

Comparison

At least one control group with no treated open-bite patients

No untreated control group

Patients treated for open bite with different treatment alternatives

Outcome

Studies providing angular skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue cephalometric measurements from lateral cephalometric analysis at least one year after the end of the treatment

Studies providing linear measurements on lateral cephalograms without reporting the respective magnification factor

Studies providing linear measurements on lateral cephalograms and reporting the respective magnification factor

Electromyographic evaluation

Cost benefit analyses

Studies without long-term results on open bite

Ongoing studies

Study design

Randomized controlled clinical trials

Unsupported opinion of expert

Prospective controlled clinical trials

Editor’s choices

Retrospective controlled clinical trials

Replies to the author/editor

Interviews

Commentaries

Books’/conferences’ abstracts

Summaries

In vitro/in silico

Studies with missing or inappropriate data

Studies with no English abstract

Cross-sectional surveys

Case series without control or with inappropriate control group

Case reports or reports of cases

Case control observational studies

Cohort studies

Narrative reviews^a

Systematic reviews^a

Meta-analyses^a