Table 4 Risk-of-bias assessment of the non-randomized trials according to the ROBINS-I tool
From: Long-term effectiveness of non-surgical open-bite treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Study | Bias due to confounding | Bias in selection of participants into the study | Bias in classification of interventions | Bias due to deviations from intended interventions | Bias due to missing data | Bias in measurement of outcomes | Bias in selection of the reported result | Overall bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cozza et al. [37] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Defraia et al. [38] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Fränkel and Fränkel [40] | Moderate risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Moderate risk |
Mucedero et al. [41] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Mucedero et al. [42] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |