Long-term effectiveness of non-surgical open-bite treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 7 Details of the performed meta-analyses for the time intervals T3–T2 and T3–T1

	Variable	k	Effect size			Heterogeneity
	Variable	k	MD	95% CIs	P value	I² (%)	τ²	Q	df	P value
Time interval: T3–T2
1	SNA	3	− 0.41	− 1.51, 0.70	0.47	49.3%	0.47	3.94	2	0.14
2	SNB	3	− 0.39	− 1.21, 0.44	0.36	7.1%	0.04	2.15	2	0.34
3	ANB	2	− 0.04	− 0.97, 0.89	0.93	49%	0.23	1.96	1	0.16
4	NL-ML	2	− 0.12	− 1.22, 0.98	0.83	0	0	0.50	1	0.48
5	ArGoMe	2	− 0.31	− 3.01, 2.39	0.82	79.3%	3.02	4.83	1	0.03
Time interval: T3–T1
1	SNA	4	0.34	− 0.48, 1.16	0.42	54.7	0.38	6.62	3	0.09
2	SNB	4	− 0.03	− 0.60, 0.53	0.90	26	0.09	4.06	3	0.26
3	ANB	4	0.39	− 0.27, 1.05	0.25	46.4	0.21	5.60	3	0.13
4	FH-NL	3	0.44	− 1.66, 2.54	0.68	88.1	3.02	16.82	2	< 0.05
5	NL-ML	4	− 0.67	− 2.58, 1.23	0.49	83.6	3.14	18.31	3	< 0.01
6	FMA	3	0.48	− 1.86, 2.82	0.69	91.3	3.89	22.96	2	< 0.001
7	ArGoMe	3	0.71	− 0.12, 1.54	0.09	4.4	0.03	2.09	2	0.35
8	1s-FH	3	− 1.05	− 3.61, 1.51	0.42	49.4	2.52	3.95	2	0.14
9	1i-ML	3	− 0.84	− 2.62, 0.95	0.36	34.4	0.87	3.05	2	0.22
10	1s-1i	3	2.00	− 2.62, 6.61	0.40	68.2	11.10	6.29	2	0.04
11	NLA	2	− 3.27	− 6.51, − 0.02	< 0.05	0	0	0.44	1	0.51

The statistical significant changes of the performed meta-analyses are shown in bold
CI confidence interval, Ctr control, d.f. degrees of freedom, Exp experimental (treatment), k number of included studies in the meta-analysis, MD mean difference, SD standard deviation