Table 2 Cephalometric skeletal, dental, and soft tissue measurements

Skeletal measurements

Sagittal measurements

Linear measurements (mm)

 Or-VR

Perpendicular distance from Orbitale to VR

 Ptm-VR

Perpendicular distance from Ptm to VR

 A-VR

Perpendicular distance from A to VR

 B-VR

Perpendicular distance from B to VR

 Pg-VR

Perpendicular distance from Pogonion to VR

 A-Na Perp

Perpendicular distance from A-point to Nasion Perpendicular line to FH plane

 Wits appraisal

The distance between AO and BO projections of points A and B to Occlusal Plane

 Co-A

Maxillary length; the distance between Condylion and point A

 Co-Gn

Mandibular length; the distance between Condylion and Gnathion

Angular measurements (°)

 SNA

Angle between the anterior cranial base and (Nasion-point A) line

 SNB

Angle between the anterior cranial base and (Nasion-point B) line

 ANB

Angle between (Nasion-point A) and (Nasion-point B) lines, SNA minus SNB

 SNO

Angle between the anterior cranial base and (Nasion-Orbitale) line

Vertical measurements

Linear measurements (mm)

 ANS-Me

Lower facial height (LFH)

Angular measurements (°)

 SN-MP

Mandibular plane angle relative to the SN line

 SN-PP

Maxillary plane angle relative to SN line

 Ar-Go-Me

Gonial angle between (Articulare-Gonion) line and (Gonion-Menton) line

Dental measurements

Sagittal measurements

Linear measurements (mm)

 Is-yMx

Perpendicular distance from maxillary incisor tip to yMx

 Ms-yMx

Perpendicular distance from mesio-buccal cusp tip of the maxillary first permanent molar to yMx

 Ii-yMd

Perpendicular distance from mandibular incisor tip to yMd

 Overjet

Horizontal overlap of the maxillary central incisors over the mandibular central incisors

Angular measurements (°)

 Is-PP

Angle between the long axis of the maxillary incisor and maxillary plane

 Ii-MP

Angle between the long axis of the mandibular incisor and the mandibular plane

Vertical measurements

Linear measurements (mm)

 Is-xMx

Perpendicular distance from maxillary incisor tip to xMx

 Ms-xMx

Perpendicular distance from mesio-buccal cusp tip of the maxillary first permanent molar to xMx

 Ii-xMd

Perpendicular distance from mandibular incisor tip to xMd

 Overbite

Vertical overlap between the maxillary central incisors and the mandibular central incisors

Soft tissue linear measurements (mm)

 A’-VR

Perpendicular distance from A’ to VR

 Ls-VR

Perpendicular distance from labrale superius to VR

 Li-VR

Perpendicular distance from labrale inferius to VR

 B’-VR

Perpendicular distance from B’ to VR

 Pg’-VR

Perpendicular distance from soft tissue Pogonion to VR