Table 1 3D skeletal and dental landmarks used in the study
Landmark | Abb | Definition |
|---|---|---|
Nasion | N | The most anterior point of the frontonasal suture in the midsagittal plane |
Sella | S | Midpoint of sella (the center of Sella turcica) |
Basion | Ba | The lowest point on the anterior rim of the foramen magnum |
Incisive Foramen | IF | The center of incisive foramen centered mediolateral, exists posterior to the central incisors at maxillary mid palatine |
Orbital | Or | Lowest point on the inferior border of the orbit |
Porion | Po | The most outer and superior bony point of the external auditory meatus |
Gonion | Go | The point of bisecting angle connecting the ramus line and body of the mandible line |
Menton | Me | The most inferior midpoint of the chin on the mandibular symphysis outline |
Pogonion | Pog | The most anterior point on the mandibular symphysis |
Subspinale | A | The most posterior concave point at the middle of the frontal maxilla |
Supramental | B | The most posterior concave point at the middle mandibular symphysis process |
U6_Cusp | U6C | The mesiobuccal cusp tip of upper first molar |
U6_Apex | U6A | The mesial root apex of upper first molar |
U7_Cusp | U7C | The mesiobuccal cusp tip of upper second molar |
U7_Apex | U7A | The mesiobuccal root apex of upper second molar |
L6_Cusp | L6C | The mesiobuccal cusp tip of lower first molar |
L6_Apex | L6A | The mesial root apex of lower first molar |
L7_Cusp | L7C | The mesiobuccal cusp tip of lower second molar |
L7_Apex | L7A | The mesiobuccal root apex of lower second molar |