Impact of molar teeth distalization by clear aligners on temporomandibular joint: a three-dimensional study

Al-Tayar, Barakat; Al-Somairi, Majedh A. A.; ALshoaibi, Lina H.; Wang, Xiaoli; Wang, Junbin; Liu, Jiajie; Al-Tayar, Baher; An, Xiaoli; Si, Qingzong

doi:10.1186/s40510-023-00474-3

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 2 3D TMJ landmarks used in the study

From: Impact of molar teeth distalization by clear aligners on temporomandibular joint: a three-dimensional study

	Landmark	Abb	Definition
Coronal view	Soft tissue mandibular fossa	SMF	The middlemost and highest point of the soft tissue mandibular fossa
	Bony mandibular fossa	BMF	The middlemost and highest point of the bony mandibular fossa
	Medial joint space “fossa point”	MJSf	The most lateral point of the mandibular fossa medial wall
	Superior condylar point	SCP	The most top point of the condylar head
	Medial condylar point	MCP	The most medial point of the condylar head
Axial view	Lateral condylar point	LCP	The most lateral point of the condylar head
	Condyle Geometric center	GC	Approximately centered mediolaterally and anteroposterior and respectively from all views
	Condyle width “anterior point”	CWa	Axially, most anterior prominent point of condyle head at the region with the greatest width
	Condyle width “posterior point”	CWp	Axially, most posterior prominent point of condyle head at the region with the greatest width
Sagittal view	Anterior condylar point	ACP	The sagittal most prominent point anteriorly of the condylar head
	Posterior condylar point	PCP	The sagittal most prominent point posteriorly of the condylar head
	Articular tubercle	AT	The most inferior point of the anterior tubercle
	Inferior meatus	IM	The most inferior point of the external auditory meatus
	Anterior fossa	AF	The most anterior and inferior point in the inner anterior wall of the glenoid fossa
	Posterior fossa	PF	The most posterior and inferior point in the inner posterior wall of the glenoid fossa, which in parallel line with IM
	Anterior condyle neck point	ANP	The deepest point at the anterior concave wall of condylar neck
	Posterior condyle neck point	PNP	The deepest point at the posterior concave wall of condylar neck approximately at the parallel line with ANP
	Anterior joint space “mandibular fossa point”	AJSf	The most prominent posterior point of the anterior inner wall of glenoid fossa opposed to the closest anterior condyle-fossa distance
	Anterior joint space “condylar point”	AJSc	The most prominent anterior point of posterior inner wall of glenoid fossa opposed to the closest anterior condyle-fossa distance
	Posterior joint space “mandibular fossa point”	PJSf	The most prominent anterior point of the posterior inner wall of glenoid fossa opposed to the closest posterior condyle-fossa distance
	Posterior joint space “condylar point”	PJSc	The most prominent posterior condyle head point opposed to the closest posterior condyle-fossa distance

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