Table 3 The reference planes and lines used in the study
Reference plane/line | Abb | Definition |
|---|---|---|
Horizontal plane | HP | Constructed by three points right orbital with two side porion |
Midsagittal plane | MSP | Constructed by three points N, BA, and IF |
Vertical plane | VP | Constructed of sella point and perpendicular to the midsagittal and horizontal plane |
Mandibular plane | MP | Constructed by three points; right, left gonion and menton |
Mandibular fossa horizontal plane | MFHP | Tangent to the right and left BMF separately and parallel to the horizontal plane |
TM line | TML | Determined through auditory meatus and anterior tubercle |
Mandibular fossa line | MFL | Determined through the two bony mandibular fossae points BMF |
Anteroposterior condylar line | ACP–PCP | A line extended from ACP to PCP |
Mediolateral condylar line | MCP–LCP | A line extended from MCP to LCD |
Sagittal condylar neckline | CNL | A line extended from ANP–PNP |
Upper first molar long axis | U6 | The long axis of upper first right or left molar extending from U6_cusp to U6_apex |
Upper second molar long axis | U7 | The long axis of upper second right or left molar extending from U7_cusp to U7_apex |
Lower first molar long axis | L6 | The long axis of lower first right or left molar extending from L6_cusp to L6_apex |
Lower second molar long axis | L7 | The long axis of lower second right or left molar extending from L7_cusp to L7_apex |