Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among 12-year-old children and its association with craniofacial characteristics: a cross-sectional study

Tse, Kwan Lok; Savoldi, Fabio; Li, Kar Yan; McGrath, Colman P.; Yang, Yanqi; Gu, Min

doi:10.1186/s40510-023-00481-4

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 4 Comparison of craniofacial characteristics between children with and without adenoid hypertrophy, for each of the three assessment methods

From: Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy among 12-year-old children and its association with craniofacial characteristics: a cross-sectional study

Variable	Unit	At/Nd								Ad-Ba/PNS-Ba								1-Npaa/Npa
		Non-hypertrophic			Hypertrophic			Δ		Non-hypertrophic			Hypertrophic			Δ		Non-hypertrophic			Hypertrophic			Δ
		n = 426			n = 91					n = 419			n = 98					n = 445			n = 72
		Median	LQ	UQ	Median	LQ	UQ	Median	p value	Median	LQ	UQ	Median	LQ	UQ	Median	p value	Median	LQ	UQ	Median	LQ	UQ	Median	p value
Horizontal
SNA	°	85.5	82.6	88.3	86.0	82.8	88.2	0.5	0.959	85.5	82.5	88.1	86.1	82.9	88.6	0.5	0.336	85.5	82.8	88.3	85.1	82.6	88.1	− 0.4	0.506
SNB	°	81.3	78.9	83.9	80.1	77.2	82.5	− 1.2	0.005	81.2	78.8	83.7	80.4	77.4	83.6	− 0.9	0.132	81.2	78.8	83.9	79.9	77.3	82.5	− 1.4	0.008
ANB	°	4.2	2.9	5.6	5.8	3.7	7.1	1.6	< 0.001	4.2	2.9	5.6	5.8	3.6	6.7	1.6	< 0.001	4.2	2.9	5.7	5.8	3.7	6.6	1.6	0.001
Wits	mm	− 3.8	− 6.4	− 1.1	− 3.1	− 6.2	− 0.6	0.7	0.337	− 3.8	− 6.3	− 1.0	− 3.4	− 7.0	− 0.7	0.5	0.774	− 3.8	− 6.4	− 1.0	− 3.4	− 6.2	− 0.8	0.5	0.624
Cd-Gn	mm	110.6	107.2	115.1	112.0	108.8	115.3	1.5	0.104	110.7	107.2	115.1	111.6	108.3	115.3	0.9	0.176	110.7	107.2	115.1	111.6	108.7	115.3	0.9	0.201
Vertical
MnP^SN	°	33.8	30.3	36.5	35.0	30.4	39.5	1.2	0.030	33.9	30.3	36.6	34.3	30.4	39.2	0.4	0.131	33.9	30.2	36.8	34.8	30.8	39.1	0.9	0.083
MxP^MnP	°	26.5	23.4	29.1	27.8	23.6	31.2	1.3	0.052	26.5	23.3	29.1	27.6	23.8	31.1	1.1	0.054	26.6	23.3	29.3	27.9	24.0	31.1	1.3	0.070
TPFH/TAFH	%	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.0	0.097	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.0	0.191	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.7	0.0	0.124
Craniocervical
OPT^SN	°	97.1	91.6	101.8	99.4	93.0	105.1	2.4	0.014	97.2	91.7	101.9	98.7	93.0	105.1	1.5	0.084	97.2	91.8	102.1	99.2	93.0	105.1	2.0	0.097
C2ps-C4pi^SN	°	99.5	94.5	104.2	102.1	95.4	108.5	2.6	0.008	99.5	94.5	104.2	101.4	94.7	107.5	1.8	0.042	99.7	94.5	104.2	101.9	94.8	107.7	2.1	0.052
Hyoid bone
H-CV	mm	32.4	30.1	35.3	33.9	30.4	36.0	1.5	0.022	32.4	30.1	35.3	33.6	30.4	36.1	1.2	0.058	32.4	30.3	35.3	33.2	30.2	35.9	0.8	0.234
H-FH	mm	81.8	76.6	85.9	82.8	77.2	89.5	1.0	0.072	81.9	76.8	86.0	82.1	76.8	89.3	0.2	0.255	81.9	76.9	86.2	81.7	75.3	89.5	− 0.3	0.577

LQ lower quartile (25th percentile), UQ upper quartile (75th percentile)
Significant p values are reported in bold
Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare non-hypertrophic and hypertrophic patients
Δ = difference between hypertrophic and non-hypertrophic patients

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