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Progress in Orthodontics
Fig. 1 | Progress in Orthodontics

Fig. 1

From: Angiotensin(1-7) attenuates tooth movement and regulates alveolar bone response during orthodontic force application in experimental animal model

Fig. 1

Experimental timeline, model, and clinical measurements. A Experimental timeline indicating the start of the experiment with the animal model and osmotic pump implantation as well as different retrievals timepoints. B Experimental set-up showing (a) Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model and application of the orthodontic appliance (3.0-mm NiTi coil spring) between the right maxillary first molar and central incisor; (b) Measurement of the macroscopic distance between the most mesial part of the first right maxillary molar and the right anterior using a periodontal probe (the distance between the two blue arrows in mm); (c) Implantation of an osmotic pump subcutaneously (a single osmotic pump); (d) Retrieval of bone samples from pressure and tension sites for gene expression analysis; (e) A 1.7 mm internal diameter trephine used for bone samples retrieval; and (f) The region of interest (ROI) for micro-CT analysis specified as the alveolar bone areas around the mesial root. Green indicates the pressure site, while yellow indicates the tension site. Red line indicates the distance between the 1st and 2nd molars. C Serum levels of Ang(1-7). D Clinical measurements of tooth movement and the right incisor mobility. Quantitative results are expressed as Mean ± SD (n = 6). Significant difference between groups is represented as (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001)

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