Table 5 Within marketed products only, associations between direction of effect and study characteristics (Fisher’s exact test)
Variable | Negative versus control, N = 9a | No difference versus control/intervention, N = 61a | Positive versus control, N = 58a | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | 0.32 | |||
 2017 | 3/9 (33%) | 10/61 (16%) | 7/58 (12%) |  |
 2018 | 4/9 (44%) | 11/61 (18%) | 10/58 (17%) |  |
 2019 | 0/9 (0%) | 7/61 (11%) | 16/58 (28%) |  |
 2020 | 2/9 (22%) | 14/61 (23%) | 12/58 (21%) |  |
 2021 | 0/9 (0%) | 17/61 (28%) | 11/58 (19%) |  |
 2022 | 0/9 (0%) | 2/61 (3.3%) | 2/58 (3.4%) |  |
Author continent | 0.24 | |||
 Americas | 1/9 (11%) | 14/61 (23%) | 12/58 (21%) |  |
 Asia and other | 5/9 (56%) | 17/61 (28%) | 22/58 (38%) |  |
 Europe | 3/9 (33%) | 30/61 (49%) | 24/58 (41%) |  |
COI | 0.92 | |||
 Conflict exists and declared | 0/9 (0%) | 5/61 (8.2%) | 4/58 (6.9%) |  |
 No conflicts to declare | 7/9 (78%) | 38/61 (62%) | 40/58 (69%) |  |
 Unclear | 2/9 (22%) | 18/61 (30%) | 14/58 (24%) |  |
Funding | 0.32 | |||
 Industry funded and declared | 2/9 (22%) | 13/61 (21%) | 18/58 (31%) |  |
 Nothing to declare | 5/9 (56%) | 28/61 (46%) | 28/58 (48%) |  |
 Unclear | 2/9 (22%) | 20/61 (33%) | 12/58 (21%) |  |