Table 1 Abbreviations for the anatomical landmarks and reference planes used in the cephalometric analysis
Landmark/plane | Description |
|---|---|
S | Sella turcica |
N | Nasion |
A | Subspinale |
B | Supramentale |
Pg | Pogonion |
ANS | Anterior nasal spine |
PNS | Posterior nasal spine |
Go | Gonion |
Gn | Gnathion (anatomical) |
Ar | Articulare |
U1R | Upper central incisor root tip |
L1R | Lower central incisor root tip |
U1T | Upper central incisor incisal tip |
L1T | Lower central incisor incisal tip |
ULP | Upper lip point |
LLP | Lower lip point |
ProN | Pronasale |
Col | Columella |
ST Pog | Soft tissue pogonion |
SN | Sella-Nasion plane |
ANS-PNS | Maxillary plane |
Go-Gn | Mandibular plane |
E-plane | Extends from the tip of soft tissue nose to the chin (Rickett’s aesthetic plane) |