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Progress in Orthodontics

Table 5 Displacements of the nose, upper lip, lower lip, and pogonion between T0 and T1 evaluated in the three-dimensional perspective in the two treatment groups

From: Comparison of the effects on facial soft tissues produced by rapid and slow maxillary expansion using stereophotogrammetry: a randomized clinical trial

Variable

RME

N = 14

SME

N = 14

Adjusted

difference

95%CI

P-value

t-test

Nose 3D

2.1 (1.0)

1.8 (1.3)

0.3

− 0.6; 1.2

0.516

Nose x

0.7 (0.9)

0.7 (0.5)

0.0

− 0.6; 0.6

0.991

Nose y

1.0 (0.7)

0.5 (0.4)

0.5

0.0; 1.0

0.040

Nose z

1.4 (0.8)

1.3 (1.5)

0.1

− 0.9; 1.0

0.878

UL 3D

2.5 (1.7)

1.8 (1.0)

0.7

− 0.4; 1.7

0.215

UL x

0.9 (0.6)

0.9 (0.8)

0.0

− 0.6; 0.5

0.916

UL y

1.4 (1.2)

0.7 (0.5)

0.7

− 0.1; 1.4

0.077

UL z

1.5 (1.6)

1.2 (0.9)

0.3

− 0.7; 1.3

0.539

LL 3D

2.9 (1.3)

2.2 (1.1)

0.7

− 0.2; 1.7

0.119

LL x

1.0 (0.6)

0.8 (0.6)

0.2

− 0.3; 0.6

0.498

LL y

1.3 (1.3)

1.4 (0.9)

− 0.1

− 0.9; 0.8

0.897

LL z

2.1 (1.1)

1.2 (1.3)

0.9

0.1; 1.7

0.027

Pg 3D

3.3 (1.5)

3.5 (1.7)

− 0.2

− 1.4; 1.0

0.746

Pg x

1.2 (1.1)

1.4 (1.2)

− 0.2

− 1.1; 0.7

0.663

Pg y

1.7 (1.2)

2.1 (1.6)

− 0.4

− 1.5; 0.7

0.478

Pg z

2.1 (1.5)

2.0 (1.1)

0.1

− 0.9; 1.1

0.840

  1. Standard deviation in parentheses
  2. x, right–left; y, anterior–posterior; z, superior–inferior; 3D, Euclidean 3D distance, UL, upper lip; LL, lower lip; Pg, pogonion
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