Fig. 1
Establishment of a rat orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) model with alveolar bone defects and grafted using BG augmentation. A The BG materials were grafted immediately after tooth extraction (the 1st molar). After 3 days, tooth movement was performed on the 2nd molar and continued for 28 days. B A schematic diagram from the occlusive view of the maxilla, indicating the location of alveolar defect generated by the extraction of the 1st molar and grafted with BG materials on the right side. Occlusive view of a rat receiving OTM on the 2nd molar. C μCT reconstruction of the maxilla. Red lines indicate the distance of tooth movement on the 2nd molar. R: right side. A: anterior. P: posterior. O: the OTM group. O + B: the OTM + BG material group. D Quantitative analysis of the distance of the tooth movement on the 2nd molar. E Sagittal view of the tooth movement of the 2nd molar. F μCT reconstruction of the current total bone volume (indicated in green) in the alveolar defect region with/without BG materials during OTM. G The new bone volume is indicated in purple. H–L Quantitative analysis of the trabecular bone volume, bone marrow volume, bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness, and trabecular spacing. Each value represents the mean (n = 7/group) ± the standard error. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01