Fig. 3

Color-coded distance maps generated following the superimposition of the maxillary PDM and FDM on the palatal reference area (shown model: PDM, reference model: FDM). The upper anterior teeth, premolars, and first molars were accurately positioned at the digital setup in 5, 2, and 2 cases, respectively (error within 0.5 mm). There was no specific error pattern regarding tooth position in 8, 23, and 13 cases, respectively, where the errors were evenly distributed over the dental arch. In six cases, the upper anterior teeth were positioned more palatally than the actual treatment outcome (by approximately 3 mm), while in six other cases, they exhibited greater palatal inclination. In eight cases, the first molars exhibited a more buccal position than the actual outcome, and in a few cases, they showed greater buccal inclination