Fig. 4

Color-coded distance maps generated following the superimposition of the maxillary PDM and FDM on the maxillary dental arch (shown model: PDM, reference model: FDM). Among the upper anterior teeth, premolars, and first molars, accurate positioning was achieved in 7, 4, and 3 cases, respectively (error within 0.5 mm). There was no distinct tooth positioning error in 10, 12, and 16 cases, respectively, where the errors were evenly distributed over the dental arch. In five cases, the upper anterior teeth were positioned more palatally than the final treatment outcome (by approximately 2 mm), and in a few cases, they exhibited a greater palatal inclination. In five cases, the premolars were positioned more buccally, while in five other cases, they exhibited a more palatal position in the PDM. The first molars were buccally positioned in a few cases, whereas in three cases, they showed a more palatal position compared to the FDM