Three-dimensional assessment of periodontal support of lower incisors for skeletal Class II malocclusion undergoing presurgical orthodontic treatment with different vertical skeletal patterns

Progress in Orthodontics

Table 4 Movement of LCIs during decompensation of skeletal Class II malocclusion with different vertical skeletal patterns

Measurements	Group 1	P1	Group 2	P2	Group 3	P3	P4	Multiple comparisons
Δ S-apex	− 1.65 ± 1.97	0.004**	− 2.49 ± 1.95	0.000**	− 3.30 ± 1.46	0.000**	0.045*	(1,2) > (2,3)
Δ V-apex	− 0.42 ± 1.71	0.337	− 0.36 ± 1.27	0.271	0.93 ± 1.67	0.041*	0.029*	3 > (1,2)
Δ S-edge	− 3.94 ± 2.93	0.000**	− 4.25 ± 2.09	0.000**	− 5.42 ± 1.50	0.000**	0.159	–
Δ V-edge	− 1.41 ± 2.43	0.035*	− 0.22 ± 2.23	0.698	1.41 ± 2.20	0.022*	0.005**	(3,2) > (2,1)
Δ AOL	− 6.65 ± 6.22	0.001**	− 4.68 ± 8.07	0.035*	− 3.93 ± 7.91	0.065	0.571	–

Δ S-apex and Δ S-edge, positive values representing forward movement and negative values representing retraction of the root apex and the incisal edge; Δ V-edge and Δ V-apex, positive values representing intrusion and negative values representing the extrusion of the incisal edge and root apex; ΔAOL, positive values indicates proclination and negative values indicates retroclination; P1, one-sample t-test for comparison between measurements and 0 for the group 1; P2, one-sample t-test for comparison between measurements and 0 for the group 2; P3, one-sample t-test for comparison between measurements and 0 for the group 3; P4, one-way ANOVA with Duncan's multiple comparison test was performed for comparisons among group 1, group 2 and group 3. Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation
*P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01